1911
Rutherford, now at the University of Manchester, reports the results of research carried out over the past three years with Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. They fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil expecting to observe the particles pass through the foil unhindered. Most did, however a few were deflected at great angles leading Rutherford to conclude that all of the positive charge in the atom was concentrated in a tiny area called the nulceus. The negatively charged electrons were placed outside of the nucleus.

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Planetary Model of the Atom

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